资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
年轻人争相打卡“国潮”消费******
憨态可掬的“冰墩墩”“雪容融”圈粉无数,一时间成为网上热议的“顶流”;故宫不断推陈出新,一系列体现中华美学的文创产品变为线上时尚“潮品”;回力、安踏等国货品牌重新引领“网红”穿搭,“国潮”正成为许多消费者的网购优选。专家指出,线上“国潮”流行,越来越多的设计师开始解锁传统与时尚、古典与流行之间的搭配,基于中华优秀传统文化的消费产品、内容创作不断出现,“国潮”新风尚正在为传统产业升级带来新契机。
回归传统文化
2022年12月,在首届中国(澳门)国际高品质消费博览会上,拥有海鸥表、上海表、孔雀表三大腕表品牌的汉辰表业集团宣布与得物APP达成全面深入合作,并线上发布腕表新品。一寸见方的表盘上,十二生肖“虎”、上美影的名作《大闹天宫》、上海豫园“九曲映月”等文化符号与年轻化设计创意相融合,专为年轻消费者创新研发的产品系列吸引了不少网友关注。
“表盘上的玉兔很有设计感,与深蓝色的星球相得益彰。”95后小罗在一家互联网企业工作,海鸥牌玉兔望月腕表一推出,他便在网上买了一块。小罗告诉记者,自己和身边同事现在都很喜欢“国潮”,会特别关注产品设计中用到的中国传统元素,“有些很火的‘国潮’运动鞋很难买,一上市网店就售罄了。”
此前,有海外媒体评价,“国潮”在中国方兴未艾,年轻人正塑造着消费新潮流,这些产品在质量和原创性上与外国大牌相比毫不逊色。报道称:“在观察人士看来,‘国潮’之所以能够站稳脚跟,是因其代表着中国消费者心态真实而深刻的变化。对商业世界来说,中国消费者的文化、身份和市场重要性及影响力与日俱增。”
“云”上国风流行、国货热销、“国潮”涌动,凸显出中国消费者的喜好之变。在汉辰表业集团首席执行官徐创越看来,越来越多的中国年轻人正在回归传统文化、欣赏国产品牌。线上“国潮”兴起所折射出的文化自信,给市场带来了很大机遇。
产品新潮有趣
出生于1995年至2009年之间的“Z世代”群体格外青睐“国潮”,已成为一股不容忽视的新兴消费力量。
业内人士认为,“Z世代”成长于物质生活富足、互联网与新媒体环境快速普及发展的时代,同其他年龄层的消费者相比,“Z世代”的民族自豪感与文化自信心更强,对兼具设计与质量的国货认同感更高。同时,他们具备较高的消费能力并逐渐成为线上“国潮”市场的消费主力。
如今,“国潮”产品正上演着一场与年轻消费者的“双向奔赴”,很多传统企业开始迎合消费者的时尚需求,推出新产品线,变得更“潮”更有趣。例如,特步推出“特步少林”跨界产品,通过解构传统武林文化,让运动装更酷更时尚。拥有400多年历史的“中华老字号”制药品牌马应龙与湖北省博物馆联名推出的妆奁礼盒产品“楚盒”成功“出圈”,纹样考究的妆奁让不少网友眼前一亮。
上海社会科学院经济研究所副研究员邸俊鹏认为,多样化的年轻消费为老字号注入了新活力,带来了新增量。“打通老字号与年轻人之间的供需障碍是关键。一方面,传统企业要理解年轻一代所追求的精神共鸣和情感认同,进而改善产品与服务质量;另一方面,年轻人的新需求和新主张从消费端也能推动‘国潮’品牌不断创新,形成需求牵引供给、供给创造需求的更高水平动态平衡。”
变身社交符号
不少年轻人喜欢通过社交平台分享国潮消费体验,寻找“同好”与归属感。2022年6月发布的《国潮品牌年轻消费洞察报告》显示,年轻消费者不仅为老字号品牌注入新活力,也助推新兴品牌迎来快速发展的窗口期。不少老字号品牌将年轻人作为新品研发的参照坐标,通过开辟年轻潮流产品线、跨界联名等新玩法实现“逆龄”生长,打破品牌固有形象和边界,成功获得年轻圈层青睐,甚至让产品成为一种“社交符号”。
专家认为,消费者面对“国潮”时的情感认同,让“国潮”产品更容易具备社交属性,诸如得物APP、小红书等拥有许多年轻粉丝的平台,可以实现从社区到交易的“闭环”,这有利于“国潮”品牌在社群内更好建立口碑。
“社区是供需互动、需求发现和需求培育的重要场所。平台可以通过潮流生活社区帮助老字号、‘新国潮’更好理解年轻人,也拉近了与年轻人的心理距离。‘国潮’品牌可以借助新电商平台首发多样化新品,并以此为沟通契机,融入年轻人的日常生活。”邸俊鹏说。
业内人士提醒,打造“国潮”品牌的持久竞争力,还要警惕透支“国潮”红利,回归品牌本质。应在产品研发、供应链打造、数字化建设、组织能力培育等长期工程上持续投入,逐步实现以数字化为基础的商业模式升级。唯有靠质量与设计展示出核心竞争力,才能让“国潮”站稳脚跟,带给消费者更多惊喜。(记者 孙亚慧 )
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)